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ELIMINATE CANINE RABIES
ELIMINATE CANINE RABIES
Introduction
1.1. What is the Blueprint for Rabies Prevention and Control?
1.2. Who is it for?
1.3. How does it work and what does it include?
1.4. What is rabies and why is it important to control it?
1.5. Why is it possible to control canine rabies?
1.6. What is involved in a dog rabies control plan?
1.7. Who can I approach for advice?
1.8. What measures are available for controlling dog rabies?
1.9. Can we prevent human rabies through human rabies prophylaxis instead?
Roles and Responsibilities
2.1. Which agencies should be involved in a dog rabies control programme?
2.2. What are critical responsibilities in a dog rabies control programme and which agencies should play a role?
Infrastructure, legislative framework, costs and funding
3.1. Infrastructure
3.1.1. What personnel might be available for carrying out dog vaccination campaigns?
3.1.2. What infrastructure is needed for storage of vaccines?
3.1.3. What personnel and infrastructure are needed for rabies surveillance?
3.1.4. What infrastructure is needed for surgical sterilisation?
3.1.5. What medical facilities are available for providing human post-exposure prophylaxis?
3.1.6. How well-trained are personnel?
3.1.7. Which laboratories are available for rabies diagnosis?
3.1.8. What are the minimum requirements for laboratories performing basic rabies diagnosis?
3.1.9. What is the minimum infrastructure for providing human pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis?
3.1.10. What personnel should administer pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis?
3.1.11. Guidance and checklists for national governments
3.2. Legislation
3.2.1. What is the role of legislation in the fight against rabies?
3.2.2. What is the difference between reporting and notification?
3.2.3. Why does rabies need to be a notifiable disease?
3.2.4. Which factors are important in deciding whether a disease is notifiable?
3.2.5. Is/should rabies in humans be a notifiable disease in my country?
3.2.6. Is/should rabies in animals be a notifiable disease in my country?
3.2.7. How do I notify authorities of a rabies case?
3.2.8. Are/should animal-bite injuries be notifiable?
3.2.9. How do I make rabies a notifiable disease in my country?
3.2.10. How is the legislation to support rabies control elaborated and implemented?
3.2.11. What laws and by-laws may be useful in ensuring a successful dog rabies control programme?
3.2.12. What laws and recommendations are available for dog importation?
3.2.13. What laws and recommendations are available for dog identification and registry?
3.2.14. Is dog vaccination compulsory?
3.2.15. What emergency orders might apply in the case of unexpected outbreaks?
3.3. Costs and Funding
3.3.1. How much is a dog vaccination programme going to cost?
3.3.2. What are the costs involved in sterilisation programmes?
3.3.3. What are the costs associated with post-exposure treatment?
3.3.4. To what extent is rabies prevention and control a priority and has secure funding?
3.3.5. What sources of funding might be available for dog rabies control?
3.3.6. What resources are needed to set up a rabies control programme?
3.3.7. How is the budget determined?
Communications plan
4.1. Importance of an effective communication plan
4.1. Why should I develop an effective communication plan?
4.2. Developing a communication plan
4.2.1. Assessing the science
4.2.2. Defining the purpose of the communication
4.2.3. Identifying and understanding who needs to be involved
4.2.4. Developing messages
4.2.5 Testing messages
4.2.6. Choosing media and channels for messages
4.2.7. Determining the best timing for delivering messages
4.2.8. Launching the campaign
4.3. Evaluating the campaign and its impact
4.3.1. Process evaluation
4.3.2. Outcome evaluation
4.3.3. Measuring the impact: how have the messages changed how people act?
4.3.4. How do I interpret the results of a survey to measure impact?
Operational activities
5.1. What do we need to know before we start planning a canine rabies control programme?
5.1.1. The epidemiology of rabies
5.1.1.1. What is epidemiology?
5.1.1.2. Why is epidemiological information important?
5.1.1.3. What if we do not have surveillance or epidemiological data?
5.1.1.4. What data can provide the necessary epidemiological information?
5.1.1.5. What other data can be useful?
5.1.2. The reservoir species
5.1.2.1. Which animal species should be targeted?
5.1.2.2. Are there other animals besides dogs that can transmit rabies (e.g. cats, cows, horses, sheep, pigs, goats, wildlife, bats, etc.)?
5.1.2.3. Why is it important to know the relationship between man and dog in your country/area?
5.1.2.4. What kind of dogs are present in the target area/country?
5.1.2.5. What is the total number of dogs in the target area/country?
5.1.3. How rabies is transmitted
5.1.3.1 How is rabies transmitted?
5.1.3.2. What exactly is an exposure to rabies?
5.1.3.3. How long is the incubation period after an exposure occurs?
5.1.3.4. Can rabies be transmitted through food (i.e. by eating milk or meat)?
5.1.3.5. Can rabies be transmitted by feeding street dogs?
5.1.3.6. Can rabies be transmitted while butchering animals?
5.1.3.7. Can I get rabies from a patient that had rabies if I shared food and water with him/her?
5.2. What do we need to buy?
5.2.1. What supplies do dog vaccinating teams need?
5.2.2. What supplies are needed for sterilisation programmes?
5.2.3. What supplies are needed for a clinic administering human pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis?
5.2.4. What basic supplies do rabies surveillance personnel need in the field?
5.2.5. What supplies do we need for laboratory-based rabies diagnosis using the fluorescence antibody test?
5.2.6. What can I do if I do not have a fluorescent microscope in my laboratory?
5.3. Who do we need to train and in what?
5.3.1. Rabies surveillance
5.3.2. Dog component
5.3.3. Human component
5.3.4. Others
5.4. What are we going to do – dog component?
5.4.1. What techniques are available to estimate the number of dogs?
5.4.2. Why is epidemiological surveillance important and what can we do to enhance it?
5.4.3. Are there specific signs in an animal that we can watch to confirm that it is rabid?
5.4.4. How do we dispose of animals that have died of rabies?
5.4.5. What methods and strategies are available for dog vaccination?
5.4.6. How do we plan the vaccination campaign on the ground?
5.4.7. How do we make sure that the community and dog owners know about the vaccination campaign?
5.4.8. Which dogs should be vaccinated?
5.4.9. How often should dogs be vaccinated?
5.4.10. How often should campaigns be conducted?
5.4.11. Should cats be vaccinated?
5.4.12. How many people are needed on an average vaccination day?
5.4.13. How can the level of vaccination coverage achieved be estimated?
5.4.14. Is it important to include dog population management in rabies control programmes?
5.4.15. Should dogs be removed as part of rabies vaccination campaigns?
5.4.16. What dog population management tools are currently recommended?
5.4.17. Our programme has been successful and we have eliminated dog rabies from an area - how do we keep this area rabies-free?
5.4.18. How can we monitor dog movements?
5.4.19. How can we prevent a rabies outbreak?
5.4.20. What do we need to do if rabies is re-introduced into an area after a period of absence?
5.5. What are we going to do – human component?
5.5.1. What is the difference between pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis?
5.5.2. Who should receive pre-exposure prophylaxis?
5.5.3. What do we need to know about products for human rabies prophylaxis?
5.5.4. How do we deal with or prevent exposures?
5.5.5. What do we need to know about regimens, doses and schedules?
5.5.6. Are there any conditions that might affect post-exposure prophylaxis?
5.5.7 How do we ensure that bite victims seek PEP?
5.5.8 End of life care for rabies patients
5.6 Evaluation
5.6.1. How can we find out if the canine rabies control programme has been successful?
5.6.2. Has the programme reached enough dogs?
5.6.3. Has the programme had an impact on dog rabies cases?
5.6.4. Has the programme had an impact on human rabies deaths, bite exposures and demand for human post-exposure treatment?
5.6.5. How well do dogs respond to vaccination?
5.6.6. Self-Assessment of national rabies programmes
5.7. How do we ensure sustainability of the rabies control programme?
5.7.1. How do we ensure sustainability of the rabies control programme?
The Stepwise Approach towards Rabies Elimination: a tool for planning and evaluation
6.1 Why a tool for stepwise rabies control?
6.2. How to undertake a SARE assessment
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Sections
ELIMINATE CANINE RABIES
Introduction
Roles and Responsibilities
Infrastructure, legislative framework, costs and funding
Communications plan
Operational activities
The Stepwise Approach towards Rabies Elimination: a tool for planning and evaluation
CASE STUDIES AND DOCUMENTS
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Version 4 - last updated May 2017