In some parts of Africa handling of dogs for parenteral vaccination is difficult. For example in KwaZulu-Natal an emerging problem of dogs (both owned and unowned) forming aggressive packs has arisen, likely linked to a break-down in traditional animal-keeping skills and other social factors (e.g. more people out of work). Greater efforts and more creative approaches are therefore required to control rabies in these communities. Vaccination teams have introduced oral vaccination to supplement parenteral vaccination as part of a national rabies elimination programme. Baiting provides an opportunity to reach owned dogs that cannot be restrained for vaccination, dogs found wandering (including packs) and owned dogs belonging to people not found at home during house-to-house campaigns.